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(February 2018)
Abstract
List of indexed keywords within the transdisciplinary set of domains which relate to the Integrated Natural Resources Modelling and Management (INRMM). In particular, the list of keywords maps the semantic tags in the INRMM Meta-information Database (INRMM-MiD). [\n] The INRMM-MiD records providing this list are accessible by the special tag: inrmm-list-of-tags ( http://mfkp.org/INRMM/tag/inrmm-list-of-tags ). ...
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Official Journal of the European Union, Vol. 59, No. L 145. (June 2016), pp. 10-17
Abstract
[Excerpt] [:Article 1] Amendment of Regulation (EC) No 690/2008 [\n] Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 690/2008 is replaced by the text set out in the Annex to this Regulation. [:Article 2] Entry into force and application [\n] This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. It shall apply from 1 May 2016. [\n] [...] ...
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Official Journal of the European Union, Vol. 51, No. L 193. (July 2008), pp. 1-6
Abstract
[Excerpt] [:Article 1] The zones in the Community listed in Annex I are recognised as protected zones within the meaning of the first subparagraph of Article 2(1)(h) of Directive 2000/29/EC, in respect of the harmful organism(s) listed against their names in Annex I to this Regulation. [:Article 2] Directive 2001/32/EC, as amended by the acts listed in Annex II, Part A, is repealed, without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time-limits for transposition into national law and application of the ...
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Frustula Entomologica, Vol. 25 (2004), pp. 117-122
Abstract
Obolodiplosis robiniae has been recorded for the first time in Italy and Europe. Its natural distribution includes the eastern USA. This pest produces galls on the leaflets of Robinia pseudacacia [R. pseudoacacia], in particular, the margins of leaflets are rolled downwards. Usually, leaflets on the terminal parts of shoots are preferred. Relatively high infestations cause leaf fall. Larvae pupate in rolled leaf margins. The species has been widely recorded in northeastern Italy (Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia). ...
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(1994)
Abstract
An easy to understand non-laboratory based system for determining the causes of ill-health in trees. The emphasis is on problems of species grown for non-commercial purposes, but nearly all causes of ill-health in trees are covered in some detail, apart from damage from biting insects and mammals. Key features Provides review of current technical background and advice on the impacts of trees on the surrounding built environment Focuses on a broad range of practical issues, specifically ...
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In Jahrbuch der Baumpflege (2008), pp. 238-244
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(1998)
Abstract
A guide to identifying causes of ill-health in woods and plantations. Part one of the book provides useful guidelines by which managers and owners can investigate health problems in their trees. Part two is a key to the most common problems of plantation trees and in part 3 important features of some of the diseases and disorders covered in part 2 are summarised. ...
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Oxford Forestry Memoirs (1924)
Abstract
In this paper a full description is given of a disease, known locally in England as 'watermark', which appears as a die-back of the crown of Salix caerulea and S. alba and has caused serious losses to willow-growers in Essex and Hertfordshire. Up to the present, S.fragilis has remained free from attack. The external symptoms in the early stages (from May to July) consist in a general wilting, withering, and browning of leaves and tips of new shoots on one or ...
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Abstract
The watermark disease is caused by the bacterium Erwinia salicis. It affects six species of tree willow and of these the white willow (Salix alba) and certain of its varieties are particularly susceptible. Unusually for a bacterial disease, the pathogen only colonises the xylem tissues, which become discoloured as a result. Watermark causes severe losses in S. alba var. caerulea, the cricket bat willow, and in several Dutch clones of S. alba which have been widely planted in that country. Although ...
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Abstract
In 2010–2011, Phytophthora lateralis was isolated from diseased Chamaecyparis lawsoniana exhibiting dieback and mortality at eight geographically separate forest, parkland and shelterbelt locations in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. In 2011, P. lateralis was also isolated from young symptomatic nursery plants of C. lawsoniana and Thuja occidentalis recently imported into Scotland from mainland Europe. These are the first findings of P. lateralis in the UK. At six of the field sites, only collar and root lesions were observed. However, at two sites, large stem ...
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Abstract
Phytophthora lateralis has been isolated from root and collar lesions in Port-Orford Cedar (POC) trees (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) in northwestern France (Brittany). These trees, planted in hedgerows, displayed symptoms similar to the typical symptoms of POC root disease. Until now, the disease has been found outside of the nurseries only in western North America. Aerial symptoms, not associated with root or collar infections, were also observed, and P. lateralis was isolated from branch lesions. Similar symptoms were previously observed only in one ...
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Abstract
Phytophthora cinnamomi was often isolated from rotted roots and stems of English holly "Myrtifolia" together with Alternaria alternata, Cylindrocarpon destructanss, Fusarium avenaceum and other fungal species. Inoculation of leaf blades and stem parts of 4 species and 12 holly cultivars with P. cinnamomi showed the spread of rot symptoms on the most of them. On Ilex crenata tissues necrosis did not develop or spread slowly. Isolation of P. cinnamomi only from one holly cultivar in surveyed nursery indicate on transmission of ...
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Abstract
[::] The local population density structure of a phytophagous insect, the holly leaf-miner Phytomyza ilicis Curtis, was examined across its natural geographical range in Europe. [::] The frequency distribution of the number of sample sites at which the leaf-miner attained different densities per tree was strongly right-skewed, with the species being absent from a large number of sites at which its host occurred, particularly in southern regions. [::] There was a decline in the spatial autocorrelation of leaf-miner densities with increasing distance between ...
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Abstract
1. In Canada, European holly (Ilex aquifolium) can only be grown successfully in the mild, humid climate of western British Columbia. The sales of cut holly for decorative purposes amount to several hundred thousand dollars annually, and the tree is also in good demand for ornamental planting in public parks and private estates.2. The most serious pest of holly in this part of the world is the Agromyzid fly, Phytomyza ilicis, or the Holly Leaf-miner, which was accidentally introduced from Europe ...
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Abstract
Plum pox virus (PPV) was found naturally infecting blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) plants in different regions in Hungary. The virus was identified on the basis of reactions with indicator plants, by DAS–ELISA tests and by RT–PCR. PPV isolated from blackthorn (PPV-BT-H) caused yellow lesions with a necrotic centre on Chenopodium foetidum L. indicating that it belongs to the intermediate pathotype. The coat protein gene of the blackthorn isolate was cloned, sequenced and compared with other PPV sequences. The BT-H isolate and ...
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Abstract
In August 2003, in an area of coppice-grown Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) covering c. 180 ha, about 50% of leaves turned brown. In spring 2004, whole trees were dead and the bark of the others died off in strips; there were shoots only from parts of the tree crowns. The same phenomenon also occurred patchily over c. 16 000 ha of mixed forests in the Karst region of Slovenia. The bark began to crack and fall off in June 2004, and ...
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Abstract
In February 1979, a portion of the trunk of an Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) arrived in Einar Palm's diagnostic clinic at the University of Missouri, Columbia. The previous summer, with no warning, the 39-year-old tree suddenly died; the needles lost their green color and became reddish brown but were retained. Seiji Ouchi, a plant pathologist from Japan who happened to be visiting the clinic that day, suggested that a nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, might be involved. Much to the surprise of clinic ...
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Plant Disease, Vol. 67, No. 1. (1983), pp. 35-37
Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was recovered from Pinus nigra, P. banksiana and P. resinosa logs 4 months after they had been cut from healthy trees that did not contain nematodes. B. xylophilus was found only in logs in which cerambycid beetles had oviposited. Similarly, only previously girdled jack pine that had been colonized by cerambycid beetles contained B. xylophilus. The results of this study show that B. xylophilus can be transmitted to cut timber and dying trees and suggest that the nematode may ...
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(1994)
Abstract
The book results from a contract placed with the UK Forestry Commission by the UK Department of the Environment, and aims to provide a practical, workable, non-laboratory based system for determining the cause of ill-health in trees, for arboriculturist, forester, gardener and others interested in trees. Emphasis is given to species grown for non-commercial purposes, but virtually all causes of ill-health in trees are covered in some detail (apart from damage by biting insects and mammals). The most important or striking ...
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Abstract
Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is a relatively new decline-disease affecting both native oak species (Quercus robur and Q. petraea) in Britain. The key aim of this study was to describe the symptoms, and signs of AOD, to set a baseline. The second aim was to compare and review the European literature on what appear to be similar disorders on oak. AOD is characterized by four key features: weeping patches more-or-less vertically aligned on oak tree trunks; cracks between bark plates from ...
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Abstract
As climate changes, the effects of forest diseases on forest ecosystems will change. We review knowledge of relationships between climate variables and several forest diseases, as well as current evidence of how climate, host and pathogen interactions are responding or might respond to climate change. Many forests can be managed to both adapt to climate change and minimize the undesirable effects of expected increases in tree mortality. We discuss four types of forest and disease management tactics – monitoring, forecasting, planning ...
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